Genus Tephrosia Research Articles

HRLC-MS analysis of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers

The genus Tephrosia, is widely distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world and have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of large number of diseases. Present investigation was undertaken in order to analyse bioactive constituents present in Tephrosia purpurea by using High Resolution- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS). The study revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloid (23-Acetoxysoladulcidine), Flavonoids (5,3'-Dihydroxy-2,4- dimethoxyydalbergiquinol), retinoids (16-Hydroxy-4-carboxyretinoic acid) Coumarin (1-Oxo1H2benzopyran3carboxaldehyde), cyanoguanidine (Pinacidil), stilbenoid, (Demethylbatatasin IV) Sesquiterpenoid, (13Hydroxy5'Omethylmelledonal), germacranolide (Molephantinin) and Phenolic compounds in the selected medicinal plants.

GC-MS analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from methanolic leaf and root extracts of Tephrosia vogelii

The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds present in methanolic root and leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii. The plant species is found in the genus Tephrosia and family Fabaceae. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the nature of secondary metabolites while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, (GC-MS) was conducted to determine the specific phyto-compounds present in the methanolic root and leaf extracts. Phytochemicals were ascertained based on molecular weights (m/z) acquired from GC-MS chromatograms. Phytocompounds were established through interpretation of spectral peaks and comparing data with stored databases from the National Institute Standard and Technique (NIST) library. Phytochemical screening revealed terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. GC-MS analysis furnished ten phytocompounds. These were; demethylmunduserone (1), sumatrol (2), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (4), (4R,5R,8S,8aS)-5-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-methylene-decahydroazulene-4,5,8-triol (5), deguelin (6), hexadecanoic acid (7), munduserone (8), tephrosin (9), and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (10). This study reports compounds 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 for the first time from this species. Evidently, the reported pharmacological properties of these phytochemicals support the ethnomedical use of T. vogelii for the traditional health care exclusively in the treatment of diseases such as fungal and bacterial, inflammatory, and cancer diseases, as well as the management of pests and ecto-parasites. Phytochemical components identified in this study advocate the presence of ethnomedical and phytopharmaceutical versality of T. vogelii that could be used in the antimicrobial drug formulation studies.

Variation in Rotenone and Deguelin Contents among Strains across Four Tephrosia Species and Their Activities against Aphids and Whiteflies.

Botanical pesticides have received increasing attention for sustainable control of insect pests. Plants from the genus Tephrosia are known to produce rotenone and deguelin. Rotenone is known to possess insecticidal activities against a wide range of pests, but deguelin’s activities remain largely inconclusive. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of rotenone and deguelin may vary in Tephrosia species. This study analyzed the rotenone and deguelin contents in 13 strains across 4 Tephrosia species over 4 growing seasons using HPLC. Our study shows that the species and even the strains within a species vary substantially in the biosynthesis of rotenone and deguelin, and their contents can be affected by the growing season. After identification of the LC50 values of chemical rotenone and deguelin against Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), leaf extracts derived from the 13 strains were used to test their insecticidal activities against the 2 pests. The results showed that the extracts derived from 2 strains of T. vogelii had the highest insecticidal activity, resulting in 100% mortality of A. gossypii and greater than 90% mortality of B. tabaci. The higher mortalities were closely associated with the higher contents of rotenone and deguelin in the two strains, indicating that deguelin also possesses insecticidal activities. This is the first documentation of leaf extracts derived from 13 Tephrosia strains against 2 important pests of A. gossypii and B. tabaci. The strain variation and seasonal influence on the rotenone and deguelin contents call for careful attention in selecting appropriate strains and seasons to produce leaf extracts for the control of insect pests.

Seed, pollen morphology and numerical analysis of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae) and their taxonomic significance

In Egypt, the seed and pollen grain morphology of the genus Tephrosia Pers. were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative characters of seeds and pollen grains are presented. The data suggest that several seed and pollen morphological characters can distinguish the taxa of Tephrosia. Based on UPGMA clustering analysis and PCA, three main clades were recognized: Clade A comprising T. kassasii, clade B comprising T. apollinea, T. purpurea, T. quartiniana, and T. uniflora, and clade C comprising T. nubica. The seed and pollen morphological data obtained in this study provide additional characters helping in classifying the genus. Dichotomous artificial keys based on seed and pollen data of the investigated taxa are presented.

Studies on Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aerial Parts of Tephrosia Bracteolata GUILL. and PERR. (Fabaceae) in Rodents

Background: Tephrosia bracteolata is a widespread shrub belonging to the family (Fabaceae) and genus Tephrosia. It is traditionally used for treating rheumatic pains, dropsy and stomach ache.Objectives: In view of the ethnomedicinal claim and the continuous search for new medicinal agents, the phytochemical constituents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of chloroform fraction (CF) of the methanol extract of Tephrosia bracteolata in mice and rats was evaluated.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted using standard method. Analgesic activity of CF (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally) was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing test and thermally induced pain model in mice. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carragenaan-induced paw edema in rats.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes and flavonoids. The oral LD50 of CF was above 2000 mg/kg body weight. CF significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced the number of writhes with percentage inhibition of 47.76 48.41 and 72.6 % at dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg respectively. CF also significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently increased the mean reaction time. At dose of 400 mg/kg, CF at 60 and 90 minutes exhibited greater activity when compared to the standard agent pentazocine. CF(200 and 400 mg/kg) at times 3, 4 and 5 hours significantly (p<0.05) decreased the paw edema in rats when compare with the ibuprofen treated group.Conclusions: The chloroform fraction of the methanol crude extract of Tephrosia bracteolata possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides.

Simple SummaryThere is an increasing interest in botanical insecticides worldwide. Plants from the genus Tephrosia are rich in bioactive phytochemicals, particularly rotenoids which include rotenone, deguelin, rotenolone, and tephrosin. Rotenoids have strong insecticidal activities against a wider range of pests. However, there has been no treatise thus far focusing on Tephrosia as insecticidal plants. This article is intended to review phytochemicals produced by selected species, their insecticidal activities, and the current status on the use of Tephrosia as botanical insecticidal plants for insect pest control.Synthetic insecticides are effective in controlling insect pests but can also harm nontarget organisms and the environment. During the last 40 years, there has been an increasing interest in alternative insecticides, particularly those derived from plants, commonly known as botanical insecticides. However, commercially available botanical insecticides remain limited. Rotenone is one of the earliest identified compounds and was used as fish poison and pest management. Due to its link with Parkinson disease, the use of rotenone was banned in many developed countries. Rotenone used to be isolated from Derris spp. and Lonchocarpus spp., and it can also be isolated from Tephrosia species. In this article, we present basic botanical information on selected Tephrosia species and their major compounds related to insecticidal activities and highlight the current use of extracts derived from some species, Tephrosia vogelii in particular, for control of insect pests in stored grains and crop production. The crude extracts contain multiple bioactive compounds, mainly rotenone, deguelin, rotenolone, and tephrosin, which act in either additive or synergistic fashion, resulting in effective control of insect pests. There are about 400 species in the genus Tephrosia, and species and even strains or variants vary greatly in these active compounds. We argue that a systematic evaluation of bioactive compounds in different species are needed, and species or strains with high insecticidal activities should be selected for use in the sustainable control of insect pests.

Diagnostic Petiole Anatomical Characters and their Systematc Importance in eighteen (18) species of the genus Tephrosia PERS (fabaceae) found in Nigeria

A comprehensive systematic investigation on diagnostic petiole characters of eighteen species of Tephrosia, from family Fabaceae, tribe Milleteae. It habits the fringes often forests, and abandoned, and wastelands. A total of nine diagnostic polymorphic characters were observed, photographed, assessed,scoredand coded as Data matrix for quantitative statistical treatment. The 9 characters codes include PSY, POL, PVS, PPT, and PTE. others include PTA, PTO, PTC, and PTB. Principal Components Analysis (PC) and Cluster Analysis were carried out. Four PC were identified and Cluster analysis indicates twelve hierarchies.

Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Tephrosia Pers. (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Millettieae): a taxonomic approach for native and cultivated species in Brazil

Previous palynological works on the genus Tephrosia involved only a small number of species though showed some discrepancies regarding morphological descriptions. Our study used a palynotaxonomic approach to analyse 13 species of Tephrosia (T. adunca, T. candida, T. cinerea, T. egregia, T. marginata, T. nitens, T. noctiflora, T. purpurea subsp. purpurea, T. domingensis, T. rufescens, T. sessiliflora, T. sinapou, T. vogelii), either native or cultivated in Brazil. Pollen was studied using light microscopy as well as scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen grains are isopolar, small to large size, oblate to prolate, 3-colporate, mostly operculate with an ornamented colporus membrane. Sexine show a nanoreticulate to reticulate, microreticulate-perforate, rugulate-perforate, rugulate, psilate or psilate-perforate ornamentation; the sexine is thicker than the nexine. Exine consists of a compact tectum that varies from eutectate, tectate perforate to semitectate; the infratectum is collumelar or granular; the foot layer is discontinuous and endexine continuous. An unprecedented characterisation of the operculum, colporus membrane and granular structure of the infractectum in Tephrosia is described for the first time. The pollen morphology in Tephrosia is eurypalynous based mainly on the exine sculpturing that is the most variable morphological feature and also on the details of the aperture, which is important for infrageneric delimitation, and warrants attention in future phylogenetic analysis combining molecular and morphological data.

Three lectotypifications in Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae)

The genus Tephrosia Persoon (1807: 328) is well delimited with ca. 350 species, mostly distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.(Cowie 2004,Schrire 2005,Mabberley 2008).In India, the genus is represented by 27 species and 1 variety (Sanjappa 1992,Krishnaraj et al. 2013).While studying the genus in India, we found that three nameswithin the genusTephrosia are not yet typified: T. hookeriana Wight &Arnott(1834: 212), T. barberi Drummond (1918:320) and T. canarensis Drummond (1918:319). The lectotypes are selected based on Art.9.2 of the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012). Herbarium acronyms followThiers (2016).

Development of Suitable Propagation Systems for Tephrosia spp. in Sri Lanka

Genus Tephrosia (Fabaceae) commonly known as ‘Pila’ in Sri Lanka. Some Tephrosia spp. are used in many traditional therapeutic preparations in Sri Lanka and also in other countries. Increased use of Tephrosia in traditional therapeutic systems has developed a great demand for these species. Thus production of planting materials for commercial cultivation has become a timely requirement. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine suitable propagation systems for four selected Tephrosia spp.; T. purpurea, T. villosa, T. noctiflora and T. pumila. Even though seeds of Tephrosia spp. showed high viability, lower germination percentage was observed on wet filter paper as well as in six different potting media [M0 (Coir: dust: Sand; 1:1:1), M1 (Coir dust: Sand: Top soil; 1:1:1), M2 (Coir dust: Sand: Top soil: Compost; 1:1:1:1), M3 (Coir dust: Sand: Top soil: Compost: Cow dung; 1:1:1:1:1), M4 (Coir dust: Sand: Compost; 1:1:1), M5 (Coir dust: Sand: Top soil: Cow dung; 1:1:1:1)] during a period of one week. Water impermeability of seed coats was identified as the main reason for the seed dormancy in Tephrosia spp. and soaking seeds in Con. H2SO4: H2O; 3:1 for 25 minutes and rubbing seeds on sandpaper for 2 minutes were determined as suitable dormancy breaking methods. Variation was observed in the growth performance of Tephrosia spp. in six different potting media. Growth performances of seedlings of Tephrosia spp. in hydroponic solution and soil medium were observed and soil medium was selected as the most suitable medium for the growth of Tephrosia species based on their growth performances. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 9 (2014): 39-45

Tephrosia pers. (Fabaceae) – A Generic Record for Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

The genus Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae) is collected from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, India and reported here as a generic record with a species viz. T. purpurea (L.) Pers. for the Angiosperm flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Natural Products from the Genus Tephrosia

The genus Tephrosia, belonging to the Leguminosae family, is a large pantropical genus of more than 350 species, many of which have important traditional uses in agriculture. This review not only outlines the source, chemistry and biological evaluations of natural products from the genus Tephrosia worldwide that have appeared in literature from 1910 to December 2013, but also covers work related to proposed biosynthetic pathways and synthesis of some natural products from the genus Tephrosia, with 105 citations and 168 new compounds.

Eriosema hatschbachii (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Eriosema hatschbachii, a new species of Leguminosae (Papilionoideae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The taxon is morphologically similar to E. floribundum Benth. and E. pycnanthum Benth. var. pycnanthum, but differs mainly in having many parallel secondary veins on the leaflets (similar to the venation seen on nearly all species of the genus Tephrosia) and erect stems with leaves only near the apex.

Morphological Diversity of Some <i>Tephrosia</i> Species (Fabaceae) in Saudi Arabia

Morphological features of nine wild species belonging to the genus Tephrosia PER growing in Saudi Arabia were extensively studied in order to support the diversity and simplify the identification of these species. The studied features included macro and micro morphological features of stem, leaves, flowers and pods. The most important features regarded for distinction of Saudi Arabia species of Tephrosia were pods shape, color, size, dehiscence and number of seeds per pod, inflorescences position, flower opening, shape of the upper 2 teeth of calyx, shape of sepals apex, shape of wings, length of hairs on ovary, direction of staminal tube tip, leaflets shape and surface and stem habit form and life spin. A key for the identification of the investigated species based on these morphological features is provided.

Estrogenic Activity of Chemical Constituents from Tephrosia candida

In a continued investigation of medicinal plants from the genus Tephrosia, phytochemical analysis of a methylene chloride-methanol (1:1) extract of the air-dried aerial parts of Tephrosia candida afforded two new 8-prenylated flavonoids, namely, tephrocandidins A (1) and B (2), a new prenylated chalcone, candidachalcone (3), a new sesquiterpene (4), and a previously reported pea flavonoid phytoalexin, pisatin (5). The structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic methods, including HREIMS, and 1H, 13C, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC NMR experiments. The most potent estrogenic activity of these isolated natural products in an estrogen receptor (ERα) competitive-binding assay was for 3, which exhibited an IC50 value of 80 μM, compared with 18 nM for the natural steroid 17β-estradiol. Results were interpreted via virtual docking of isolated compounds to an ERα crystal structure.

Seed morphology of some species of TephrosiaPers. (Fabaceae) from Saudi Arabia Identification of species and systematic significance

AbstractSeed morphology of eight species belonging to the genus Tephrosia Pers. were examined by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Macro‐ and micromorphological characters, including seed shape, colour, size, surface, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, outer periclinal cell wall and relief of outer cell walls, are presented. Two types of basic anticlinal cell wall boundaries and two types of relief outer cell walls are recognized and two different shapes of the outer periclinal cell wall are described. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on seed characters is provided (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Chemical constituents ofTephrosia purpurea

In continuation of our chemical investigation on some medicinal plants of the genus Tephrosia, reinvestigation of the methylenechloride/methanol (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea yielded an aromatic ester 1, a sesquiterpene 2 and prenylated flavonoid 3. The structures of the compounds were established by comprehensive NMR studies, including DEPT, COSY, NOE, HMQC, HMBC, EIMS and CIMS.

Prenylated flavonoids from Tephrosia apollinea

In continuation of our chemical investigation on some medicinal plants of the genus Tephrosia, re-investigation of the methylenechloride/methanol (1:1) extract of the air-dried aerial part of Tephrosia apollinea afforded a new prenylated flavonoid 1, in addition to an aromatic ester, a sesquiterpene, a lignan and several known prenylated flavonoids. The structures were established by ( 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, 1H– 1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY and HRMS). Relative configurations of 9 and 10 were confirmed by X-ray analysis.

Flavonoids of Tephrosia procumbens . Buch-Ham

Objective : The genus Tephrosia is a rich source for unusual flavonoids. The present work is aimed to isolate new molecules of biological interest. Materials and methods : The root powder of T. procumbens was extracted with chloroform and concentrated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography and fractional crystallization by organic solvents and their mixtures of increasing polarity which afforded crystalline compounds and were identified by spectroscopic methods. Results and conclusions : Among the isolates, two candidates calopogonium isoflavone B and 2', 7' 8-trimethoxy-4' , 5' -methylenedioxy isoflavone are reported for the first time from this species.

An unusual isopropenyldihydrofuran biflavanol from Tephrosia crassifolia

The roots and aerial parts of Tephrosia crassifolia afforded an isopropenyldihydrofuran biflavanol and a new chalcone. The structures and relative configuration were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods, and confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Crassifolin is the second 3,4″ ether-linked biflavan-4-ol to be isolated from the genus Tephrosia.